Fire Apparatus Pump Operator Hydraulics
The Pump Operator (Engineer or Driver) must supply adequate water pressure to ensure fire attack crews can safely advance charged handlines. Under-pumping results in inadequate GPM and dangerous steam conditions, while over-pumping causes nozzle whip and burst hose jackets.
Standard Operating Pressures
- Smooth Bore Handline: 50 PSI nozzle pressure (NP)
- Smooth Bore Master Stream: 80 PSI nozzle pressure (NP)
- Standard Fog Nozzle: 100 PSI (or 50/75 PSI for modern low-pressure fog variants)
- Elevation Pressure (EP): 0.5 PSI per foot of elevation, or 5 PSI per floor above ground floor (-5 PSI if below grade)
- Appliance Loss (AL): 0 PSI below 350 GPM; 10 PSI for wyes/siamese at 350+ GPM; 25 PSI for master streams