Foam Science & Vapor Suppression Mechanisms
Firefighting foam extinguishes flammable liquid fires by separating fuel from oxygen, cooling the liquid surface, and suppressing hazardous vapor release. Selecting the correct proportioning rate prevents catastrophic foam blanket dissolution.
Foam Classification Chart
- Class A Foam (0.1% to 1.0%): Reduces water surface tension from 73 dynes/cm to less than 30 dynes/cm, allowing deep penetration into porous wildland timber and structural upholstery.
- Class B Hydrocarbon (3% AFFF): Forms an aqueous film that floats on petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel). Application rate: 0.10 GPM/sq ft for 15 minutes.
- Class B Polar Solvents (6% AR-AFFF): Creates a polymeric membrane to resist destruction by water-miscible solvents (ethanol, acetone, isopropanol). Application rate: 0.20 GPM/sq ft for 20 minutes.