Egress Geometry & Life Safety Standards
Overcrowding represents one of the primary catalysts for catastrophic mass casualty events in nightclub and assembly fires. NFPA 101 establishes mandatory square footage allocations to ensure occupants can traverse corridors and doorways without crush conditions.
Occupant Load Factors (NFPA 101 Table 7.3.1.2)
- Assembly (Concentrated - chairs only): 7 sq ft net per person
- Assembly (Unconcentrated - tables and chairs): 15 sq ft net per person
- Assembly (Standing space): 5 sq ft net per person
- Business / Commercial Office: 150 sq ft gross per person
- Educational (Classrooms): 20 sq ft net per person
- Industrial / Manufacturing: 100 sq ft gross per person
- Mercantile (Retail ground floor): 30 sq ft gross per person